Scientific groups at the institute conduct research and development in the design, construction, and utilization of nuclear apparatus for research infrastructures, industry, and medicine. They focus on advancing ionizing radiation detection techniques and data analysis methods for both scientific and practical applications. Additionally, they are involved in the design, construction, and testing of electronic systems for research infrastructures and industry, along with developing control software, imaging software, and Monte Carlo simulation methods for analyzing physical processes in fundamental and applied research.

A significant focus of the institute is the development of systems employing neutron and X-ray radiation for analyzing diverse materials, encompassing raw materials, waste, and water. Industries seeking non-destructive and accurate analyses find this technology beneficial. The systems use neutron activation analysis or X-ray radiation to ascertain material compositions, thereby supporting quality control and waste management.

NCBJ participates actively in international collaborations. For example, researchers have engaged in assembling and overseeing the quality of modules with PLC terminals for controlling experimental lines at free-electron lasers like XFEL in Hamburg. Additionally, NCBJ has contributed to designing and supplying Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) systems for the European Spallation Source in Lund, a multi-disciplinary research center with an advanced neutron source.

NCBJ researchers have also developed DNG@NCBJ, a digital measurement system for testing detectors in plasma experiments. Utilizing high-speed analog-to-digital converters and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), this system represents an advance in plasma research technology. Moreover, the active analog front-end developed for Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) and photomultiplier tubes is tailored for high event rates, a vital aspect of plasma diagnostics.

One of the primary areas of focus for these NCBJ scientists is research into detection techniques for ionizing radiation, with a particular emphasis on scintillation materials. By characterizing new scintillation materials, the institute accumulates knowledge and experience, which is then deployed in critical sectors such as border protection, nuclear medicine, and the industrial applications of nuclear physics. Notably, the scientific group's approach to diagnosing fast electron beams in tokamaks using diamond radiation detectors is considered distinct and innovative.

Regarding software, NCBJ researchers develop control and imaging software to complement their hardware systems. This includes programming integrated circuits and devising graphical user interfaces. These software components are imperative for the streamlined operation of their experimental systems.